ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate effects of capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy combined with exemestane on the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and PI3-K/AKT signaling pathway.Methods:MCF-7 cells cultured in vitro were divided into the control group (adding DMEM without drugs), 30 μmol/L exemestane group, capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy combined drugs group [30 μmol/L exemestane combined with different concentrations (50, 33, 17 μmol/L) of capecitabine]. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation inhibition rate, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration ( IC50) was calculated, and the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis rate of MCF-7 in different drug groups were assessed by using flow cytometry. The related-protein expression of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway of MCF-7 cells was detected by using Western blot. Results:The IC50 of capecitabine and exemestane on MCF-7 cells for 72 h was 101.2 μmol/L and 60.6 μmol/L, respectively. The proliferation inhibition rate of MCF-7 cells in 30 μmol/L exemestane for 24 h and 48 h combined with 50, 33 and 17 μmol/L capecitabine group was higher than that in 30 μmol/L exemestane group (all P<0.01). The apoptosis rates were (18.1±2.6)%, (34.6±3.0)%, (27.6±1.3)%, (23.1±1.6)%, respectively in 30 μmol/L exemestane group, 30 μmol/L exemestane + 50 μmol/L capecitabine group, 30 μmol/L exemestane + 33 μmol/L capecitabine group, 30 μmol/L exemestane + 17 μmol/L capecitabine group, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 23.652, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the proportion of MCF-7 cells in phase G 2 of 30 μmol/L exemestane group was increased [(16.7±2.6)% vs. (10.6±2.2)%], while that in phase G 1 was decreased [(53.3±4.0)% vs. (56.3±3.2)%]. The proportion of MCF-7 cells in phase S of 30 μmol/L exemestane + 50 μmol/L capecitabine group was increased [(39.0±3.6)% vs. (33.1±2.0)%]. MCF-7 cells of 30 μmol/L of exemestane + 33 μmol/L capecitabine group were more blocked in phase S [(51.7±4.1)%], and cells in phase G 2 were nearly disappeared [(1.2±0.5)%]; the cell proportion MCF-7 cells in phase G 2 of 30 μmol/L exemestane plus 17 μmol/L capecitabine group was increased [(26.2±3.1)%]. Western blot analysis showed that low dose capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy promoted exemestane to inhibit the expression of PI3K, motivated AKT serine phosphorylated at protein 473 [the increased expression of p-AKT (473)], promoted S6 protein expression at downstream of signaling pathway and increased its phosphorylation level (the increased expression of p-S6), thereby activating apoptosis signal. Conclusion:Capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy combined with exemestane can synergistically inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and activate apoptosis mechanisms of MCF-7 cells through affecting PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the clinical and prognostic value of CK19 mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells in early breast cancer patients. Methods We analyzed the peripheral blood in 50 patients with early breast cancer after surgery and before the initiation of any adjuvant treatment for the presence of CK19 mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells using a nest reverse polymerase chain reaction assay. All patients were followed up. Results CK19 mRNA-positive cells were detected in 40.0 %(20/50) of patients with early breast cancer, 12.5 %(3/24) of patients with breast benign lesions, but 5 %(1/20) in healthy individuals (P =0.017,P =0.004); 11 to 20 of them relapsed during the follow-up period (P =0.002). There was no significant association between the detection of CK19 mRNA-positive cell and the patients' menstrual status, tumor stage, tumor size, etc (P ＞0.05). Detection of peripheral-blood CK19 mRNA-positive cells was associated with reduced median relapse-free interval in early breast cancer patients (P =0.007). Conclusion CK19 mRNA is one of the molecular markers for the detection of circulating tumor cells in early breast cancer. Detection of peripheral blood CK19 mRNA-positive cells might be an important predictive value as a marker of relapse in early breast cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It has been known that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR2) play important roles in tumor angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an oral DNA vaccine against VEGFR2 has the inhibition effect on tumor growth and angiogenesis, and explore its mechanism in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C57BL/6 mice were respectively given the DNA vaccine encoding VEGFR2 (vaccine group), pcDNA3.1 (plasmid group) and saline (saline group). All the mice were then inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL cells. Weight, size and microvessel density (MVD) of transplanted tumors were observed. The levels of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood of mice were detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Weight of transplanted tumors in vaccine group was significantly smaller than those in plasmid and saline groups (P < 0.05), and MVD was significantly lower in vaccine group than that in plasmid and saline groups (P < 0.05). After inoculated with 3LL cells, CD3+ and CD8+ T cell levels of vaccine group were markedly higher than those of plasmid and saline groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The oral DNA vaccine can significantly inhibit angiogenesis and growth of transplanted tumor in mice. It may act through killing endothelial cells of tumor.</p>
ABSTRACT
AIM To study the influence of ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides(GBEP) on p53 gene expression and telomerase activity of human gastriccancer SGC 7901 cells in vitro . METHODS The p53 gene expression level of human gastriccancer SGC 7901 cells were measured by immunohistochemistry ABC. The telomerase activity of human gastriccancer SGC 7901 cells were measured by TRAP ELISA. RESULTS GBEP(80～160 mg?L -1 ,48 h) inhibited the expression of mutated type p53 genes and telomerase activity of human gastriccancer SGC 7901 cells. CONCLUSION The action mechanism of GBEP that inhibited the proliferation of SGC 7901 cells may relate to its down regulation effect on the expression of p53 genes and telomerase activity of human gastriccancer SGC 7901 cells.
ABSTRACT
This assay reviewed the feeding arteries of CHL and summarized the mechanism,technologic method and common embolization agent of interventional therapy,as well as its effect,indications,contraindications and complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Methods Serum VEGF level of 55 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were measured by sandwich enzyme?- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 40 normal healthy volunteers served as control. Results Serum VEGF level of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that of control group (P =0.000); Serum VEGF level was significantly higher in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma stage (stage Ⅲ ~Ⅳ) than that in early stage(stageⅠ ~Ⅱ) (P =0.003); Serum VEGF level with nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with lymphnode metastasis was significantly higher than that of patients without lymphnode metastasis. There was no significant relationship compared serum VEGF level in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient's gender, age and pathological types. Conclusions Serum VEGF can be used as a marker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for diagnosis and monitoring the progress and the prognosis of the disease.